Update 2018Jun11: According to the latest report from security researchers at Talos, the list of routers affected by VPNFilter is now much larger. The malware’s capabilities are now better understood, and include the ability to intercept and modify network traffic passing through affected devices. To see the updated list of devices known to be affected by VPNFilter, scroll to the bottom of this page and look for the heading Known Affected Devices. Bruce Schneier weighs in.

Over the last week or so, you’ve probably noticed several stories about some malware called VPNFilter. For most people — and for a number of reasons — VPNFilter doesn’t pose a significant risk. But it’s a good idea to make sure. Here’s what you need to know:

• VPNFilter is designed to infect SOHO (Small Office / Home Office, aka consumer-grade) network routers and Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices. It appears to have been active since 2016, and is known to have infected hundreds of thousands of devices worldwide.
• Only a few specific router models are known to be vulnerable to VPNFilter, but there may be more. The list of vulnerable devices includes several models from Linksys, Mikrotik, Netgear, QNAP, and TP-Link. If you know (or can find) the make and model of your router, check to see whether it’s on the list.
• On May 23, the US Justice Department announced that they had effectively neutered VPNFilter by taking over one of its command and control domains. But VPNFilter remains on many infected devices, as do the vulnerabilities that allowed infection in the first place.
• The FBI is asking everyone on Earth who manages or is responsible for any consumer-grade router, to restart it. This will remove the second stage of a VPNFilter infection from a router. It may seem like overkill, but until we have a complete list of vulnerable devices, it’s a risk-free way to disrupt VPNFilter’s activities.
• If you think your device has been infected — perhaps because it’s on the list of known affected devices — the only way to fully remove the infection is to reset the device to its factory settings. This sounds simple but can actually be problematic. Resetting a router can cause connected devices to lose access to the Internet, and things gets worse from there. If you want to attempt this, you should first log into your device’s web interface and document all important settings, because you’ll need to reconfigure the device after it’s been reset. Disconnect the device from the Internet before resetting it, because its administration password will be reset to a known default. Change that password as soon as possible after the reset.
• If you manage your own router or NAS device, it’s critically important to configure it sensibly. That means changing its default password, and disabling any features that allow for remote (i.e. from the Internet) administration.